The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Mughal Empire in South Asia from 1526 to 1858
Babur was the first Mughal ruler of India, reigning from 1526 to 1530:
Background
Babur was a descendant of both the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan and the Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane). He was born in 1483 in Andijan, Fergana Valley, which is now part of Uzbekistan.
Conquests
Babur was forced to leave his ancestral domain in Central Asia in the early 1500s. He then invaded India, conquering the Punjab region and defeating the forces of Delhi sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
Administration
Babur created a tolerant culture that embraced Persian, Mongol, and Indian influences. He also encouraged international trade.
Other achievements
Babur was a gifted poet and wrote a well-known autobiography, Babur-nameh. He also designed beautiful gardens.
Mughals ruling
The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. 1st ruler
The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a Timurid prince and ruler from Central Asia. Babur was a direct descendant of Timur, the 14th century founder of the Timurid empire on his father's side, and Genghis Khan on his mother's side.
How he ruled?
Babur defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi, the last Sultan of the Lodi dynasty, in 1526. Babur ruled for 4 years and was succeeded by his son Humayun whose reign was temporarily usurped by the Suri dynasty. During their 30-year rule, religious violence continued in India.
2nd ruler
Humayun was the second ruler of the Mughal Empire, reigning from 1530–1540 and 1555–1556
How he ruled?
Humayun was considered as the most ethical ruler and he made a policy “not to attack any muslime”. His religious policy depicts that he was 'Sunni Muslim” but his inclination towards sufism was much appreciated. The “Shias' ' had great respect towards the king.
3rd ruler
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542 –27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar
Akbar established separation of state and religion and opened government positions to members of all religions. click here to know more information
Who defeated Mughals?
The British took control of this area in 1803. By the mid-1800s the Mughal Empire had lost all of its territory to its rivals and to the British.
Multiple groups defeated the Mughal Empire, including:
Sher Shah Suri
Defeated Mughal Emperor Humayun in the battles of Chausa and Kanauj, and established the Suri Empire in 1538
The Marathas
Fought many wars against the Mughals, eventually gaining control of most of India
The British East India Company
Deposed the imperial family and abolished the empire on September 21, 1857 during the Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Ahoms
Defeated the Mughal Empire 17 times in battle and were the only dynasty not to fall to the Mughals
Banda Singh
Defeated the Mughals and declared Khalsa rule from 1710–1716
