Jazz Dance is a performance dance and style that arose in the United States in the early 20th century.Jazz Dance may allude to vernacular Jazz, Broadway or dramatic Jazz. The two types expand on African American vernacular styles of dance that arose with Jazz Music. Vernacular dance refers to dance forms that emerge from everyday life and cultural practices of a specific community, often reflecting the social, cultural, and historical contexts of that community. In the context of African American culture, vernacular dance encompasses styles 
that developed organically within African American communities, influenced by African traditions, European dance forms, and the unique experiences of African Americans in the United States.
Vernacular Jazz Dance incorporates ragtime moves, Charleston, Lindy hop and mambo. Popular vernacular Jazz Dance performers include The Whitman Sisters, Florence Mills, Ethel Waters, Al Minns and Leon James, Frankie Manning, Norma Miller, Dawn Hampton, and Katherine Dunham. Dramatic Jazz Dance performed on the show stage was promoted by Jack Cole, Bob Fosse, Eugene Louis Faccuito, and Gus Giordano.
The term "Jazz Dance" has been used in ways that have little or nothing to do with jazz music. Since the 1940s, Hollywood movies and Broadway shows have used the term to describe the choreographies of Bob Fosse and Jerome Robbins. In the 1990s, colleges and universities applied the term to classes offered by physical education departments in which students dance to various forms of pop music, in addition to jazz.Some jazz dance classes may use electroswing music, which is a style combining jazz with electronic dance music.
The history of modern Jazz Dance is intertwined with the cultural and social experiences of African Americans, tracing its roots back to African dance traditions. Key characteristics of traditional African dance included the use of bent knees, complex rhythms, and the isolation of body parts, all of which contributed to a dynamic and expressive form of movement. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, black performance art began to gain visibility in the United States. The emergence of Vaudeville and minstrel shows provided platforms for black entertainers to showcase their talents.These performances often included dance, music, and comedy, reflecting the everyday lives and experiences of black people. Notable shows, such as "The South Before the War" and "The Creole Show," featured black performers and contributed to the evolution of dance styles that would later influence Jazz Dance.
In 1931, the New Negro Art Theatre presented a groundbreaking recital that included interpretive dances based on Southern spirituals. This event showcased black life through dance, setting a precedent for future performances. Dancer Hemsley Winfield played a crucial role in this movement, emphasizing the importance of expressing the black experience through the art of dance.