on the principle “like dissolves in like”, they being highly polar, soluble in polar solvents. In chemical reaction of solution of ionic compounds simply rearrangement of ions take place in the solutions, the reactions are instantaneous or very fast.

The forces of attractions among covalent molecules are weak. Therefore, the covalent compounds are gases or liquid at room temperature. They have low melting points and low boiling points. Based on the principle that “like dissolve in like” these covalent compounds are soluble in non- polar solvents because of non-polar nature of solvent molecules. In chemical reactions of covalent compounds there exist bond breaking and bond forming to get products. There fore, these reactions are moderate or very slow.

‘Like dissolves in like’ means what type of chemical bonds are there in the solute particles that solute could be soluble in that solvent which has the similar type of chemical bonds in its molecules.

STUDENT:

Electrons, noble gases, Lewis dot structures, Octet rule, chemical bond, Ionic bond, covalent bond, cation, anion, electrostatic force, electrovalent, polar solvent, non-polar solvent, formation of molecules, ionic compounds, covalent compounds, electro positive character, electro negative character, polar bonds, bonded pair of electrons, lone pairs, bond length, bond energy, shape of the molecule, linear, tetrahedral, properties of ionic and covalent compounds.

What We Have Learnt

• Location of elements in the periodic table helps in predicting the type of bonding that will take place between atoms of the elements.
• Ions are positively or negatively charged particles formed by the loss or gain of electrons respectively.
• The force between any two atoms or a group of atoms that results in the formation of a stable entity is called chemical bond.
• The outer most shell of an atom is called valence shell and electrons in this shell are called valence electrons.
• The gases belonging to ‘O’ group are called noble gases because they are reluctant to combine with other atoms. Except helium all other noble gases have an octet of electron configuration in their valence shells.
• The reason why atoms form bond can be explained on the basis of the octet rule
• Chemically active elements have an incomplete octet in the valence shells of their atoms.
• The number of valence electrons available in the atoms of elements decides the type of bond formed by the atom of the element.
• Elements which have a tendency to gain electrons for attaining octet in their valence shell are called with more electro negative character. They form anions.

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