Fullerene, C60 molecule contains 12 pentagonal and 20 hexagonal
    faces on its soccer ball shape, and each carbon atom has sp2 hybridized
    orbitals.
          
         Fullerenes are under study for potential medicinal use-such as specific
    antibiotics to target resistant bacteria and even target certain cancer cells
    such as melanoma.
     
                          Nanotubes
      
     Nanotubes are another allotropic
 form of carbon discovered in 1991by
 Sumio li jima.  Nano tubes consist of
 hexagonal arrays of covalently bonded
 carbon atoms, similar to the sheets in
 graphite. Unlike the flat graphite sheets,
 in nanotubes the sheets are rolled into
 cylinders. Due to this reason they are
 called nanotubes. Nanotubes like
 graphite, are electrical conductors and
 can be used as molecular wires. In
 integrated circuits nanotubes are used
 instead of copper to connect the
 components together. Scientists
 inserted biomolecules into nanotubes
 to inject them into a single cell. 
                  


     Versatile nature of carbon
        
          By the eighteenth century scientists tried to explain the difference
    between the compounds in a broader way.