Geological background

 Geological background Re-read, about the movement of the Earth’s crust from the class IX book. Indian landmass, as part of Gondwana land, originated due to geological formations and several other processes like weathering, erosion and deposition. These processes, over millions of years, have created and modified the physical features as they appear to us today.

World landforms originated from two giant lands namely Angara land (Laurasia) and Gondwana land. The Indian peninsula was part of Gondwana land. Over 200 million years ago Gondwana land split into pieces and the peninsular Indian plate moved towards North-East and collided into the much larger Eurasian Plate (Angara land). Owing to the collision and immense compression force, mountains evolved through a folding process over millions of years. The present form of the Himalayas is a result of this process.

The breaking off from the northern corners of the peninsular plateau led to the formation of a large Basin. In due course of time, this basin slowly got filled with sediments deposited by the Himalayan rivers from north and peninsular rivers form south. This created the extensive, flat northern plains of India. The Indian landmass displays great relief varia- tions. The peninsular plateau is one of the most ancient land blocks on the earth’s surface.

1.List the Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers that helped the formation of North Indian Plain.

2.The formation of Himalayas was __________ million years ago while early hunter-gathering human beings emerged on earth _______ million years ago.
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