Example:11Na → 2,8,1 ; Na+ → 2,8
12Mg → 2,8,2 ; Mg2+ → 2,8
13Al → 2,8,3 ; Al3+ → 2,8




v. To attain eight electrons in the outermost shell,non-metalatoms that have 5,6 or 7 valence electrons gain 3,2 or 1 electron respectively and form negative ions known as a anions.

Example:15P → 2,8,8 ; P 3+2,8,8
16S → 2,8,6 ; S 2- → 2,8,8
17Cl → 2,8,7 ; Cl- → 2,8,8




Formation of ionic bond

The positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) that are formed due to the transfer of electrons from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms experience the electrostatic forces and get attracted to form chemical bond. As this bond is between charged particles known as ions, it is called ionic bond. Sometimes based on the forces being electrostatic, the bond is also called the electrostatic bond. As the valence concept has been explained in terms of electrons, it is also called the electrovalent bond.

Thus, we can define ionic bond as follows:
The electrostatic attractive force that keeps cation and anion (which are formed from metal atoms and non-metal atoms due to transfer of electrons) together to form a new electrically neutral compounds is called ‘ionic bond’