Look at the map of colonies given below. In class VIII, you read how European
countries controlled over most of Latin American, African and Asian countries by
19th Century. In this chapter, we will read about how these countries fought for
freedom. In the map given below, you can see the colonies of Britain in pink colour;
the colonies of France in blue; the colonies of Holland in light brown. Some
countries of Asia and Africa continued to be independent and these are shown in grey
colour. Identify all these countries with the help of a modern map of the world.

Even independent countries like China were actually under the control of many