Table 6 compares the literacy over time in Himachal pradesh with the average of indian states

Table 6: Progressions in Himachal Pradesh

The comparision across two different years is indicative of development that has happened. Clearly,there has been greater development in schooling and spread of education in Himachal pradesh than India as a whole. Though there is still difference in the average levels of education among boys and girls,i.e.across genders,there has been some progress towards gender equality in the recent years.

Development entails a mix of goals.Goals and the ways of attaining them may be conflict.'Whose development?' is an important question one must address while thinking about development.

Income and per capita income, though very often used , is only one aspect of development. Distribution of incomes can be very unequal even when overall incomes arise.

Human development index has tried to expand the notion of development to include the social indicators of health care and education. Government provision is the only way of improving health and education status for all. Societies that are more equal have developed faster when effective public facilities are ensured.

• Per capita Income

• Human development

• Public facilities

• Education and health indicators

1. What is the main criterion used by the World bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of the above criterion, if any?

2. Usually behind each social phenomenon , there would be several contributing factors, and not one. What are the factors that came together for the development of schooling in Himachal pradesh?

3. In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the world bank?