The age structure of a population refers to the number of males and females
in different age groups in a country. It is one of the most basic characteristics of a
population. To an important degree, a person’s age influences what she requires,
her capacity to work, whether she is dependent on others etc. Consequently, the
number and percentage of children in a population, people of working age, and
aged persons are notable determinants of the population’s social and economic
structure.
The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories:
Children (generally below 15 years) :They are taken care of by the family and like everyone else, they require food, clothing, education and medical care and all other opportunities for growth. However, usually they do not earn their income to support themselves. It is not desirable that some children are forced to work because of their economic conditions.
Working Age (15-59 years) : Usually this group forms the working population in a society. They are also biologically reproductive. Most people in this age group desire decent income and security of work. Children and the aged often depend on the earnings of this group.
Aged (Above 59 years) : Those who have been in a salaried employment or in organised sector may get retirement pension.
However, a vast majority of agricultural labourers, domestic workers, construction workers, and others usually continue their work as long as it is physically possible. This group also depends on their families for support in old age when unable to work. It is also possible that their medical expenses are higher than that of the other age groups.